Features / Characteristics of Competition
Competition as a disintegrative social process has the following characteristic features:
1. Scarcity as a Condition of Competition: Competition arises wherever desired goods and services exist because resources are limited while human wants are limitless, forming the basis of economics. People compete for these scarce resources.
2. Competition and affluence: Competition exists even in times of abundance or affluence. It extends beyond basic needs to encompass status, luxuries, power, fame, social position, and more.
3. Competition is Universal: Modern society is defined by competition in various areas, from professions to education, sports, and politics. No society is purely competitive or cooperative; both aspects coexist.
4. Competition is continuous: Competition is continuous. It is found virtually in every area of social activity and social interaction. Particularly, Competition for status, wealth and fame is always present in almost all societies.
5. Competition is dynamic: Competition drives achievement and fosters social advancement. For example, a college student competing for a spot on the cricket team may progress to higher levels of competition, like the university, state, and national teams.
6. Competition is always governed by norms: Competition isn't boundless; it operates within moral and legal boundaries. Competitors are expected to employ fair tactics, not cutthroat methods.
7. Competition may be unconscious: Competition can be unconscious, with individuals, including young children, vying for attention without realizing they are in a competitive situation.
8. Competition may be constructive or destructive: Competition can be positive (constructive), benefiting all, like in farming, factories, and academics. Conversely, negative (destructive) competition harms others and can lead to bankruptcy.
9. Competition may be personal or impersonal: Competition typically targets a goal, not individuals, and can be either impersonal, like civil service exams, or personal, such as election contests. Personal competition can escalate into rivalry and conflict, but in the social realm, it's largely impersonal, with competitors often unaware of each other.
From the above discussion, we can say that competition is an integral part of human existence, arising from the scarcity of resources and our insatiable desires. It's universal, continuous, and dynamic, spurring progress and achievement. However, it must adhere to moral and legal limits to avoid harm. Whether conscious or not, impersonal or personal, competition coexists with cooperation, influencing various facets of our lives.
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